Cutaneous T cell lymphoma (CTCL) is a class of non-Hodgkin lymphoma, which is a type of cancer of the immune system. Unlike most non-Hodgkin lymphomas (which are generally B cell related), CTCL is caused by a mutation of T cells. The cancerous T cells in the body initially migrate to the skin, causing various lesions to appear. These lesions change shape as the disease progresses, typically beginning as what appears to be a rash which can be very itchy and eventually forming plaques and tumors before spreading to other parts of the body.
Video Cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Symptoms and signs
The presentation depends if it is mycosis fungoides or Sézary syndrome the most common, though not the only types. Among the symptoms for the aforementioned types are:lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, and non-specific dermatitis.
Maps Cutaneous T cell lymphoma
Cause
Diagnosis
A point-based algorithm for the diagnosis for early forms of cutaneous T cell lymphoma was proposed by The International Society for Cutaneous Lymphomas in 2005.
Classification
Cutaneous T-cell lymphoma may be divided into the several subtypes. Mycosis fungoides is the most common form of CTCL and is responsible for half of all cases.A WHO-EORTC classification has been developed.
Treatment
There is no cure for CTCL, but there are a variety of treatment options available and some CTCL patients are able to live normal lives with this cancer, although symptoms can be debilitating and painful, even in earlier stages. FDA approved treatments include the following:
- (1999) Denileukin diftitox (Ontak)
- (2000) Bexarotene (Targretin) a retinoid
- (2006) Vorinostat (Zolinza) a hydroxymate histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor
- (2009) Romidepsin (Istodax) a cyclic peptide histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitor
Histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors are shown to have antiproliferative and cytotoxic properties against CTCL.Other (off label) treatments include:
In 2010, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration granted orphan drug designation for a topical treatment for pruritus in cutaneous T-cell lymphoma to a pharmaceutical company called Elorac.
Epidemiology
Of all cancers involving the same class of blood cell, 2% of cases are cutaneous T cell lymphomas. CTCL is more common in men and in African-American people. The incidence of CTCL in men is 1.6 times higher than in women.
There is some evidence of a relationship with human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV) with the adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma subtype. No definitive link between any viral infection or environmental factor has been definitely shown with other CTCL subtypes.
See also
- Cutaneous B-cell lymphoma
- List of cutaneous conditions
References
External links
- DermNet dermal-infiltrative/cutaneous-t-cell-lymphoma
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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